Groundnut, also known as peanut (Arachis hypogaea), is a leguminous crop widely cultivated for its edible seeds. It is an important source of oil, protein, and essential nutrients, making it a valuable food and cash crop. Native to South America, groundnuts are now grown in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, with major producers including China, India, the United States, and Nigeria. The crop thrives in warm climates with well-drained sandy soil. Groundnuts are consumed in various forms, such as roasted nuts, peanut butter, and oil, and are also used in confectionery and animal feed. Rich in healthy fats, vitamins, and antioxidants, they offer numerous health benefits, including heart health and improved digestion. Additionally, groundnut plants contribute to soil fertility by fixing nitrogen, making them beneficial for crop rotation in sustainable agriculture.